Premissas Básicas da Aplicação da Lei
Capítulo 4: A Aplicação da Lei nos Estados Democráticos
Capítulo 5: A Conduta Ética e Legal na Aplicação da Lei

Responsabilidades Básicas na Aplicação da Lei
Capítulo 6: Prevenção e Detecção do Crime

Poderes Básicos na Aplicação da Lei
Capítulo 8: Captura
Capítulo 9: Detenção
Capítulo 10: Uso da Força e Armas de Fogo

Capítulo 11: Mulher
Capítulo 12: Crianças e Adolescentes
Capítulo 13: Vítimas da Criminalidade e Abuso de Poder
Capítulo 14: Refugiados e Deslocados Internos

Comando e Gestão
Capítulo 15: Procedimentos de Supervisão e Revisão
Capítulo 16: Investigação de Violações dos Direitos Humanos

Arcabouço Jurídico

Conceitos Básicos do Direito Internacional
Direito Internacional - Obras Gerais
Akehurst, Michael. Modern Introduction to International Law. 6th ed. New Delhi: UBS, 1992.
Brownlie, Ian. Principles of Public International Law. 4th ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.
Cassese, Antonio. International Law in a Divided World. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.
Jennings, Sir Robert, and Sir Arthur Watts, eds. Oppenheim's International Law. 9th ed. Essex, England: Longman, 1992.
Shaw, Malcolm N. International Law. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1994.
Shearer, I. A., ed. Starke's International Law. 11th ed. London: Butterworths, 1994.
Sorensen, Max, ed. Manual of Public International Law. London: Mac Millan Press, 1978.
Umozurike, U.O. Introduction to Public International Law. Ibadan, Nigeria: Specter Books, 1993.

As Fontes do Direito Internacional
Referências Gerais
Danilenko, G.M. Law-Making in the International Community. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1993.
Lauterpacht, Hersch. International Law: Collected Papers. Vol. 1. 51-135, Cambridge, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1970 .
Pathak, R.S., "The General Theory of the Sources of Contemporary International Law." Indian Journal of International Law 19 (1979): 483-495.
Parry, C. The Sources and Evidence of International Law. Manchester: Manchester Univ. Press, 1965.

Costume
Akehurst, Michael. "Custom as a Source of International Law." British Yearbook of International Law 47 (1974-75): 1-53.
D'Amato, Anthony. The Concept of Custom in International Law. Ithaca, New York: Cornell Univ. Press, 1971.
Rama Rao, T.S. "International Custom." Indian Journal of International Law 19 (1979): 515-521.
Villiger, Mark E. Customary International Law and Treaties. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1985.
Wolfke, Karol. Custom in Present International Law. 2nd ed. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1993.

Tratados
Obs.: Vide também "O Direito dos Tratados".
Igweike, K.I. "The Definition and Scope of "Treaty" under International Law." Indian Journal of International Law 28 (1988): 249-263.
Klabber, Jan. The Concept of Treaty in International Law. The Hague: Kluwer, 1996.

Fontes Adicionais
Akehurst, Michael. "Equity and General Principles of Law." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 25 (1976): 801-805.
Asamoah, Obed. Y. The Legal Significance of the Declarations of the General Assembly of the United Nations. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1966.
Cheng, Bin. General Principles of Law as Applied by International Courts and Tribunals. London: Stevens and Sons, 1953.
Higgins, Rosalyn. "The Role of Resolutions of International Organisations in the Process of Creating Norms in the International System." Co-Existence 24 (1987): 21- 30.
Khan, Rahmatullah. "The Legal Status of the Resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly." Indian Journal of International Law 29 (1979): 552-559.
Lauterpacht, Hersch. The Development of International Law by the International Court of Justice. London: Stevens, 1958.
Mc Whinney, Edward. The World Court and the International Lawmaking Process. Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands: Sijthoff and Noordhoff, 1979.

Personalidade
Referências Gerais
Obs.: Vide também, as referências listadas em "Direito Internacional - Referências Gerais.
Higgins, Rosalyn. "The Participants in the International Legal System." Recueil des Cours - Hague Academy of International Law 23 (1991): 69-88.
Menon, P.K. "The Subjects of Modern International Law." Hague Yearbook of International Law 3 (1990): 30-86.

Estados
Crawford, James. The Creation of States in International Law. London: Clarendon Press, 1979.
DeLupis, Ingrid Detter. International Law and the Independent State. 2nd ed. Brookfield, Vt., USA: Gower Publications, 1987.
James, Alan. Sovereign Statehood. London: Allen and Unwin, 1986.

Outras Entidades Legais
Brownlie, Ian. "The Place of the Individual in International Law." Virginia Law Review 50 (1964): 435-462.
Lauterpacht, Hersch. International Law and Human Rights. London: Stevens, 1950.
Menon, P.K. "Individuals as Subjects of International Law." Revue de Droit International 70 (1992): 295-327.
Menon, P.K. "International Organisations as Subjects of International Law." Revue de Droit International 70 (1992): 61-81.
Obilade, A.O. "The Individual as a Subject of International Law." Indian Journal of International Law 14 (1974): 90-99.

Jurisdição do Estado
Jurisdição Penal e Geral
Akehurst, Michael. "Jurisdiction in International Law." British Yearbook of International Law 46 (1972): 145-257.
Bassiouni, M. Cherif, and Ved P. Nanda. International Criminal Law. 2 vols. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas Publishing, 1973.
Schachter, Oscar. "The Jurisdiction Of States." Chpt. XII in International Law in Theory and Practice. Dordrecht: Nijhoff, 1991.

Imunidade dos Estados
Badr, Gamal Moursi. State Immunity. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1984.
Lewis, Charles J. State and Diplomatic Immunity. 3rd ed. London: Lloyds of London Press, 1990.
Schreuer, Christopher H. State Immunity: Some Recent Developments. Cambridge: Grotius, 1988.

Imunidade Diplomática
Denza, Eilleen. Diplomatic Law. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications, 1976.
McClanahan, Grant V. Diplomatic Immunity. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989.

Responsabilidade dos Estados
Brownie, Ian. System of the Law of Nations: State Responsibility (Part I). Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983.
Rosene, Shabati, ed. The International Law Commission's Draft Articles on State Responsibility. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1991.
Spinedi, Marino, and Bruno Simma, eds. United Nations Codification and State Responsibility. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications, 1987.

O Direito dos Tratados
Obs.: Vide também as referências listadas em "As Fontes do Direito Internacional - Tratados .
Elias, T.O. The Modern Law of Treaties. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications, 1974.
McNair, Arnold. The Law of Treaties. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961.
Reuter, Paul. Introduction to the Law of Treaties. London: Kegan Paul International, 1989.
Rosene, Shabati. The Law of Treaties. Leyden, The Netherlands: Sijtoff, 1970.
Sinclair, Ian. The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Manchester, England: Manchester Univ. Press, 1980.

Jus Cogens
Hannikainen, Lauri. Peremptory Norms (jus cogens) in International Law: Historical Development, Criteria, and Present Status. Helsinki: Lakimiesliiton Kustannus, 1988.
Levan Alexidze. "The Legal Nature of Jus Cogens in Contemporary International Law." Recueil des Cours - The Hague Academy of International Law 172 (1981): 219-270.
Rao, V. Nageswar. "Jus Cogens and the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties." Indian Journal of International Law 14 (1974): 362-384.

Arbitragem e Soluções de Controvérsias
Arbitragem
Grey, Christine, and Benedict Kingsbury. "Developments in Dispute Settlement: Inter-State Arbitration Since 1945." British Yearbook of International Law 63 (1992): 97-134.
Merrills, J.G. International Dispute Settlement. Cambridge: Grotius, 1991.
Simpson, J.J., and Hazel Fox. International Arbitration. London: Stevens, 1959.

Tribunal Internacional de Justiça
Singh, Nagendra. The Role and Record of the International Court of Justice. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1989.
Shabati Rosenne. The Law and Practice of the International Court. Leyden, The Netherlands: Sijtoff, 1985.
Shabati Rosene. The World Court: What It Is and How It Works. 5th ed. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.

Tribunal Penal Internacional
Bassiouni, M. Cherif, and Peter Manikas. The Law of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. Irvington on Hudson, New York: Transnational Pubications, 1996.
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. Basic Documents. The Hague: United Nations, 1995.
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, The Prosecutor v. Dusko Tadic, Decision on the Defence Motion for Interlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction. Case Number IT-94-1-AR72, 2 October 1995.
Woetzel, B.A. The Nuremberg Trials in International Law. London: Stevens, 1962.

Direitos Humanos e Direito Internacional Humanitário
A referência é feita aos textos listados nos respectivos capítulos.

Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos
Direitos Humanos - Obras Gerais
Buergenthal, Thomas. International Human Rights. St. Paul, Minn., USA: West Publishing, 1988.
Cassese, Antonio. Human Rights in a Changing World. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990.
Donnelly, Jack. Human Rights in Theory and in Practice. Ithaca, New York: Cornell Univ. Press, 1989.
Henkin, Louis. The Rights of Man Today. Boulder, Colo., USA: Westview Press, 1978.
Kalaiah, G.B. Human Rights in International Law. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1986.
Lauterpacht, Hersch. International Law and Human Rights. London: Stevens and Sons, 1950.
Meron, Theodor, ed. Human Rights in International Law. 2 vols. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1984.
Newmann, Frank, and David Weissbrodt. International Human Rights. Cincinnati, Ohio, USA: Anderson Publishing, 1990.
Robertson, A.H., and J.G. Merrills. Human Rights in the World: An Introduction to the Study of the International Protection of Human Rights. 3rd ed. Manchester: Manchester Univ. Press, 1989.
Sieghart, Paul. The Lawful Rights of Mankind. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985.
Sieghart, Paul. The International Law of Human Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983.
Steiner, Henry J., and Philip Alston. International Human Rights in Context: Law Politics, Morals. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.

Análise Histórica
Broms, Bengt. The United Nations. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1990.
Scott, George. The Rise and Fall of the League of Nations. London: Hutchinson, 1973.
Weiss, Thomas G., David P. Forsythe, and Roger A. Coate. The United Nations and Changing World Politics. Boulder, Colo., USA: Westview Press, 1994.

Padrões Internacionais dos Direitos Humanos
Direito Consuetudinário
Gunning, Isabelle R. "Modernizing Customary International Law: The Challenge of Human Rights." Virginia Journal of International Law 31 (1991): 211-247.
Meron, Theodor. Human Rights and Humanitarian Norms as Customary Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989.
Parker, Karen, and Lynn Beth Neylon. "Jus Cogens: Compelling the Law of Human Rights." Hastings International and Comparative Law Review 12 (1989): 411-463.
Simma, Bruno, and Philip Alston. "The Sources of Human Rights Law: Custom, Jus Cogens, and General Principles." Australian Yearbook of International Law 12 (1992): 82-108.
Steiner, Henry J., and Philip Alston. "The Continuing Role of Custom and the Significance of UN Resolutions." In International Human Rights in Context: Law Politics, Morals. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.

A Carta da ONU
Goodrich, Leland M., Edvard Hambro, and Anne P. Simons. The Charter of the Untied Nations: Commentary and Documents. 3rd. ed. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1969.
Simma, Bruno, ed. The Charter of the United Nations: A Commentary. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1994.
Bentwich, Norman, and Andrew Martin. A Commentary on the Charter of the United Nations. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1951.
A Declaração Internacional dos Direitos Humanos
Vide também as referências listadas em "Direitos Humanos - Obras Gerais".
Henkin, Louis, ed. The International Bill of Rights. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1981.
Hickok, Eugene W. The Bill of Rights: Original Meaning and Current Understanding. Charlottesville, Virginia, USA: Univ. Press of Virginia, 1991.
Jonathan, Gerar Cohen. "Human Rights Covenants." In Encyclopaedia of Public International Law, edited by R. Bernhardt. Vol. II. 915-921. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1995.
Lauterpacht, Hersch. An International Bill of the Rights of Man. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1945.
Mrazek, Josef. "Human Rights: Their International Standards and Protection." Coexistence 27 (1990): 301-335.
Vijapur, Abdulrahm P. "The Islamic Concept of Human Rights and the International Bill of Rights: The Dilemma of Muslim States." Turkish Yearbook of International Law 15 (1993): 103-133.

A Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos
Eide, Asbjorn, et al., eds. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Commentary. Oslo: Scandinavian Univ. Press; Oxford: Oxford Univ, Press, 1992.
Salcendo, Juan Carrillo. "Human Rights, Universal Declaration (1948)." In Encyclopaedia of Public International Law, edited by R. Bernhardt. Vol. II. 922-926. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1995.
Lauterpacht, Hersch. "Universal Declaration of Human Rights." British Yearbook of International Law 25 (1948): 354-381.

O Pacto Internacional sobre os Direitos Civis e Políticos
Bossuyt, Marc J. Guide to the "Travaux Preparatoires" of the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1987. Also published in the South African Yearbook of International Law 5 (1979): 82-137.
Jhabvala, Farrokh, "The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as a Vehicle for the Global Promotion and Protection of Human Rights." Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 15 (1985): 184-203.
Lippman, Mathew. "Human Rights Revisited: The Protection of Human Rights under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights." Netherlands International Law Review 26 (1979): 221-277.
Meron, Theodor. "The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights." In Human Rights Law-Making in the United Nations: A Critique of Instruments and Process. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.
Nowak, Manfred. United Nations Convention on Civil and Political Rights: CCPR Commentary. Kehl: N.P. Engel, 1993.

O Pacto Internacional sobre os Direitos Econômicos, Sociais e Culturais
Craven, Mathew C. R. The International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights: A Perspective on its Development. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.
Eide, Asbjorn, Catarina Krause, and Allan Rosas. Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights: A Textbook. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.
Jhabvala, Farrokh. "On Human Rights in the Socio-Economic Context." Netherlands International Law Review 31 (1984) 149-182.

Outros Tratados de Direitos Humanos
Banton, Michael. International Action Against Racial Discrimination. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.
Burgers, J. Herman, and Hans Danelius. The United Nations Convention Against Torture: A Handbook on the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1988.
Burrows, Noreen. "The 1974 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women." Netherlands International Law Review 32 (1985): 419-460.
Dadawi, Ibrahim Ali. "International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination." Revue Egyptiene de Droit International 33 (1977): 17-33.
Galey, Margaret. "International Enforcement of Women's Rights." Human Rights Quarterly 6 (1984): 463-490.
"Genocide: A Commentary on the Convention." Yale Law Journal 58 (1948-49): 1142-1160.
Jescheck, Hans Heinrich. "Genocide." In Encyclopaedia of Public International Law, edited by R. Bernhardt. Vol. II. 541-544. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1995.
Kubota, Yu. "The Protection of Children's Rights and the UN." Nordic Journal of International Law 58 (1989): 7-23.
LeBlanc, Lawrence. The International Convention on the Rights of the Child: United Nations Law-Making on Human Rights. Lincoln, Nebraska: Univ. of Nebraska Press, 1995.
Lerner, Natan. "The U.N. Convention on Torture." Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 16 (1986): 126-142.
Meron, Theodor. "The Meaning and Reach of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination." American Journal of International Law 79 (1985): 283-318.
Meron, Theodor. "The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination." In Human Rights Law-Making in the United Nations: A Critique of Instruments and Process. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.
Meron, Theodor. "The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women." In Human Rights Law-Making in the United Nations: A Critique of Instruments and Process. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.
Rehof, Lars Adam. Guide to the Travaux Préparatoires of the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1993.
Robinson, Nehemiah. The Genocide Convention: A Commentary. New York: Institution of Jewish Affairs, 1960.
Skupinski, Jan. "Prohibition of Torture and Other Inhuman Treatment: The Development of International Legal Regulation within the United Nations." Polish Yearbook of International Law 15 (1986): 163-192.
Tardu, Maxime. "The United Nations Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment." Nordic Journal of International Law 56 (1987): 303-321.
United Nations. The Crime of Genocide: A United Nations Convention Aimed at Preventing the Destruction of Groups and at Punishing Those Responsible. New York: United Nations, 1973.
Weis, Paul. The Refugee Convention, 1951: The Travaux Preparatoirés Analysed. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1995.
Welch, Claude E. "Human Rights and African Women: A Comparison of Protection Under Two Major Treaties." Human Rights Quarterly 15 (1993): 549-574.

Reservas aos Tratados de Direitos Humanos
Clark, Belinda. "The Vienna Convention Reservations Regime and the Convention on Discrimination Against Women." American Journal of International Law 85 (1991): 289-321.
Lijnzaad, Liesbeth. Reservations to UN Human Rights Treaties: Ratify or Ruin? Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.
MacDonald, R. St. J. "Reservations under the European Convention on Human Rights." Revue Belge de Droit International 21 (1988): 429-450.
Schabas, William A. "Reservations to Human Rights Treaties: Time for Innovation and Reform." Canadian Yearbook of International Law 32 (1994): 39-81.
Schabas, William A. "Reservations to the Convention on the Rights of the Child." Human Rights Quarterly 18 (1996): 472-491.
Shelton, Dinah. "State Practice on Reservations to Human Rights Treaties." Canadian Human Rights Yearbook (1983): 205-234.

As Nações Unidas e os Direitos Humanos
Referências Gerais
Alston, Philip, ed. The United Nations and Human Rights: A Critical Appraisal. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.
Bhalla, S.L. Human Rights: An Institutional Framework for Implementation. Delhi: Docta Shelf Publications, 1991.
Bosch, Miguel Marin. "United Nations and Human Rights." International Geneva Yearbook 8 (1994): 44-50.
Brohi, A.K. "The United Nations and Human Rights." Pakistan Horizon 41, no. 4 (1988): 78-94.
Brohi, A.K. "The United Nations and Human Rights II: The Ethical, Political, and Judicial Implications of the Declaration of Human Rights and the Inadequacy of Legal Procedures for their Enforcement." Pakistan Horizon 42, no. 1 (1989): 36-67.
Brohi, A.K. "The United Nations and Human Rights III: Enforcement of Human Rights by the General Assembly and Other Organs of the United Nations." Pakistan Horizon 42, no. 2 (1989): 79-108.
Farer, Tom J. "The United Nations and Human Rights: More Than a Whimper Less Than a Roar." Human Rights Quarterly 9 (1987): 550-585.
Forsythe, David. "The United Nations and Human Rights 1945-1985." Political Science Quarterly 100 (1985): 249-269.
Jha, S.K. "The United Nations and Human Rights." India Quarterly 29 (1973): 239-249.
Marks, Stephen P. "Human Rights, Activities of Universal Organisations." In Encyclopaedia of Public international Law, edited by R. Bernhardt. Vol. II.. 893-902. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1995.BR>Meron, Theodor. Human Rights Law-Making in the United Nations: A Critique of Instruments and Process. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.
United Nations. Action in the Field of Human Rights. New York: United Nations, 1988.

Órgãos Específicos das Nações Unidas
Bailey, Sidney D. The UN Security Council and Human Rights. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994.
Burrows, Noreen. "Monitoring Compliance of International Standards Relating to Human Rights: The Experience of the UN Commission on the Status of Women." Netherlands International Law Review 31 (1984): 332-354.
Byrnes; Andrew C. "The Other Human Rights Treaty Body: The Work of the Commission on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women." Yale Journal of International Law 14 (1989): 1-67.
Cassese, Antonio. "The General Assembly: Historical Perspective 1945-1989." In The United Nations and Human Rights: A Critical Appraisal, edited by Philip Alston, 25-55. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.
Eide, Asbjorn. "The Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities." In The United Nations and Human Rights: A Critical Appraisal, edited by Philip Alston, 211-264. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.
Gardeniers, Ton, Horst Hannum, and Janice Kruger. "The UN Sub-Commission on the Prevention of Discrimination and the Protection of Minorities: Recent Developments." Human Rights Quarterly 4 (1982): 353-370.
Haver, Peter. "The Mandate of the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Prevention of Discrimination and the Protection of Minorities." Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 21 (1982): 103-134.
Humphrey, John P. "The United Nations Sub-Commission on the Prevention of Discrimination and the Protection of Minorities." American Journal of International Law 62 (1968): 869-888.
Koufa, Kalliopi. "Elimination of Racial Discrimination and the Role of the United Nations Sub-Commission on the Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities." International Geneva Yearbook 10 (1996): 44-63.
Lord, Janet. "The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights: Challenges and Opportunities." Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Journal 17 (1995): 329-363.
O'Donovan, Declan. "The Economic and Social Council." In The United Nations and Human Rights: A Critical Appraisal, edited by Philip Alston, 107-125. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.
Reanda, Laura. "The Commission on the Status of Women." In The United Nations and Human Rights: A Critical Appraisal, edited by Philip Alston, 265-303. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.
Schmidt; Markus. "Achieving Much with Little: The Work of the United Nations Centre for Human Rights." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 8 (1990): 371-380.
Tolley, Howard Jr. The United Nations Commission on Human Rights. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1984.

Mecanismos de Aplicação
See, the references listed under "Command and Management - Investigating Human Rights Violations: International Mechanisms."

Acordos Regionais
África
Bello, Emmanuel G. "Human Rights, African Developments." In Encyclopaedia of Public International Law, edited by R. Bernhardt. Vol. II. 902-910. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1995.
Cohen, Ronald, Goren Hyden, and Winston P. Nagen, eds. Human Rights and Governance in Africa. Gainesville Florida: University Press of Florida, 1993.
Gye-Wado, Onje. "A Comparative Analysis of the Institutional Framework for the Enforcement of Human Rights in Africa and Western Europe." African Journal of International Law 2 (1990): 187-201.
Hamalengwa, M., C. Flinterman, and E.V.O. Dankwa. The International Law of Human Rights in Africa: Basic Documents and Bibliography. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1988.
Okore, Obinna B. "The Protection of Human Rights in Africa and the African Charter on Peoples' Rights: A Comparative Analysis with the European and American Systems." Human Rights Quarterly 6 (1984): 141-159.
Shivji, Issa G. The Concept of Human Rights in Africa. London: Codesria Book Series, 1989.
Welch, Claude E. "The African Commission on Human and People's Rights: A Five Year Report and Assessment." Human Rights Quarterly 14 (1992): 43-61.

As Américas
Buergenthal, Thomas, Robert Norris, and Dinah Shelton. Protecting Human Rights in the Americas: Selected Problems. 3rd ed. Kehl: N.P. Engel, 1990.
Buergenthal, Thomas, and Robert E. Norris. Human Rights: The Inter-American System. 6 vols. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications, 1993.
Davidson, Scott. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Aldershot, England: Dartmouth, 1992.
Quiroga, Cecilia Medina. The Battle of Human Rights: Gross Systemic Violations and the Inter-American System. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1988.

Europa
van Dijk, P., and G.H.J. van Hoof. Theory and Practice of the European Convention of Human Rights. 2nd ed. Deventer, The Netherlands: Kluwer, 1990.
Fawcett, J.E.S. The Application of the European Convention of Human Rights. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987.
Harris, D.J., M. O'Boyle, and C. Warbick. Law of the European Convention on Human Rights. London: Butterworths, 1995.
Jacobs, Francis G. The European Convention on Human Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975.
Robertson, A.H., and J.G. Merrills. Human Rights in Europe: A Study of the European Convention on Human Rights. 3rd ed. Manchester, England: Manchester Univ. Press, 1993.
Siter, Keith D. "The European Convention on Human Rights." Australian Outlook 33 (1979): 97-110.
Trotman, A.B. "The European Convention on Human Rights: Its Relevance to the Commonwealth Caribbean." Caribbean Affairs 2 (1989): 141-154.

Ásia
Downey, P.J. "The Implementation of Human Rights in the South Pacific Region." Australian Outlook 34 (1980): 268-274.
Khusalani, Yogindra. "Human Rights in Asia and Africa." Human Rights Law Journal 4 (1983): 403-442.
Tang, James T. H. Human Rights and International Relations in the Asia Pacific. London: Pinter, 1995.
Welch, Claude E., and Virginia A. Leary, eds. Asian Perspectives on Human Rights. Boulder: Colorado: Westview Press, 1990.

A Liga dos Estados Árabes
Daoudi, Riad. "Human Rights Commission of the Arab States." In Encyclopaedia of Public International Law, edited by R. Bernhardt. Vol. II. 913-915. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1995.
Direito Internacional Humanitário
Origem e Desenvolvimento
Bello, Emmanuel G. "Shared Legal Concepts Between African Customary Norms and International Humanitarian Law." Revue de Droit Pénal Militaire et de Droit de la Guerre 23 (1984): 285-310.
Bello, Emmanuel. African Customary Humanitarian Law. Geneva: Oyez Publishing & International Committee of the Red Cross, 1980.
Coursier, Henri. "The Origins of Humanitarian Law." Parts I-VI. Revue Internationale de la Croix Rouge - English Supplement 5 (1952): 222-240; 6 (1953): 9-22; 6 (1953): 28-46; 6 (1953): 74-82; 6 (1953): 90-99; 6 (1953): 138-149.
Davis, George B. "Dr. Francis Lieber's Instructions for the Government of Armies in the Field." American Journal of International Law 1 (1907): 13-25.
Diallo, Yolande. "African Traditions and Humanitarian Law." International Review of the Red Cross 16, no. 185 (1976): 387-401.
Diallo, Yolande. "Humanitarian Law and Traditional African Law." International Review of the Red Cross 16, no. 179 (1976): 57-63.
Draper, G.I.A.D. "The Development of International Humanitarian Law: " In International Dimensions of Humanitarian Law, edited by UNESCO & Henry Dunant Institute, 67-90. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1988.
Draper, G.I.A.D. "Humanitarianism in the Modern Law of Armed Conflict." International Relations 11 (1992): 239-252.
Dunant, Henry. A Memory of Solferino. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1986.
Greig, D.W. "The Underlying Principles of International Humanitarian Law." Australian Yearbook of International Law 9 (1985): 46-85.
Greig, D.W., ed. "Traditional Asian Approaches to the Protection of Victims of Armed Conflict and Their Relationship to Modern International Humanitarian Law." Australian Yearbook of International Law 9 (1985): 143-244.
Meurant, Jaques. "Inter Arma Caritas: Evolution and Nature of International Humanitarian Law." Journal of Peace Research 24 (1987): 237-249.
Mubiala, Mutoy. "African States and the Promotion of Humanitarian Principles." International Review of the Red Cross 29, no. 269 (1989): 93-110.
Penna, L.R. "Humanitarian Law in Ancient India." Revue de Droit Pénal Militaire et de Droit de la Guerre 23 (1984): 235-239.
Pictet, Jean. Development and Principles of International Humanitarian Law. Geneva: Henry Dunant Institute; Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1985.
Sornarajah, M. "An Overview of the Asian Approaches to International Humanitarian Law." Australian Yearbook of International Law 9 (1985): 238-244.
Yamani, Ahmed Zaki. "Humanitarian International Law in Islam: A General Outlook." Michigan Yearbook of International Legal Studies 7 (1985): 189-215.

Direito Internacional Humanitário
Referências Gerais
Best, Geoffrey. Law & War Since 1945. London: Clarendon Press, 1994.
Blishchenko, Igor. International Humanitarian Law. Translated by Ivan Chulaki. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1989.
Dürr, Olivier. "Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict: Problems of Applicability." Journal of Peace Research 24 (1987): 261-273.
Gasser, Hans Peter. "International Humanitarian Law: An Introduction." In Humanity for All: The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Berne, Switzerland: Haupt Publishers & Henry
Dunant Institute, 1993.
Green, Leslie C. The Contemporary Law of Armed Conflict. Manchester: Manchester Univ. Press, 1993.
Kalshoven, Frits. Constraints on the Waging of War. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1991.
McCoubrey, Hilaire. International Humanitarian Law: The Regulation of Armed Conflicts. Aldershot, England: Dartmouth Publishing, 1990.
Rogers, A.P.V. Law on the Battlefield. Manchester: Manchester Univ. Press, 1996.
Rosas, Allan, and Pär Stenbäck. "The Frontiers of International Humanitarian Law." Journal of Peace Research 24 (1987): 219-236.

O Direito de Genebra
Draper, G.I.A.D. The Red Cross Conventions. London: Stevens, 1958.
Draper, G.I.A.D. "The Geneva Conventions of 1949." Recueil des Cours - Hague Academy of International Law 114 (1965): 59-165.
Gutteridge, Joyce A.C. "The Geneva Conventions of 1949." British Yearbook of International Law 26 (1949): 294-326.
Nahlik, Stanislaw E. "A Brief Outline of International Humanitarian Law." International Review of the Red Cross 24, no. 241 (1984): 187-226.
Pictet, Jean, ed. The Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 Commentary. 4 vols. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1952-1960.
Pictet, Jean. Humanitarian Law and the Protection of War Victims. Geneva: Henry Dunant Institute; Leyden, The Netherlands: A.W. Sijtoff, 1975.
Pictet, Jean. "The New Geneva Conventions for the Protection of War Victims." American Journal of International Law 45 (1951): 462-475.
Schlögel, Anton. "Geneva Red Cross Conventions and Protocols." In Encyclopaedia of Public International Law, edited by R. Bernhardt. Vol. II. 531-541. Amsterdam: Elsevier 1995.
Umozurike, O. "The 1949 Geneva Conventions and Africa." Indian Journal of International Law 11 (1971): 205-218.
Yingling, Raymond T., and Robert W. Ginane. "The Geneva Conventions of 1949." American Journal of International Law 46 (1952): 393-427.

O Direito de Haia
Baxter, Richard R. "The Duties of Combatants and the Conduct of Hostilities (The Law of the Hague)." In International Dimensions of Humanitarian Law, edited by UNESCO and Henry Dunant Institute, 93-133. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1988.
Cameron, P.J. "The Limitations on Methods and Means of Warfare." Australian Yearbook of International Law 9 (1985): 247-275.
Cassese, Antonio. "Means of Warfare: The Traditional and the New Law." In The New Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict, edited by Antonio Cassese, 161-198. Napoli: Editoriale Scientifica, 1979. Also published in Revue Belge de Droit International 12 (1976): 143-165.
Dinstein, Yoram. "The Laws of Land Warfare." Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 13 (1983): 52-89.
Goldblat, Jozef. "The Laws of Armed Conflict: An Overview of the Restrictions and Limitations on the Methods and Means of Warfare." Bulletin of Peace Proposals 13 (1982): 127-133.
Greenspan, Morris. The Modern Law of Land Warfare. Berkeley, California: Univ. of California Press, 1959.
Kalshoven, Frits. "Arms, Armaments, and International Law." Recueil des Cours - Hague Academy of International Law 191 (1985): 191-339.
Oppenheim, L. International Law. Vol. 2, Disputes, War, and Neutrality, 7th ed., edited by H. Lauterpacht. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1952.

Direito "Misto"
Bothe, Michael, Karl Josef Partsch, and Waldemar A. Solf. New Rules for the Victims of Armed Conflicts. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1982.
Carnahan, Burrus M. "The Law of Land Mine Warfare: Protocol II to the United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons." Revue de Droit Pénal Militaire et de Droit de la Guerre 22 (1981): 117-149. Also published in Military Law Review 105 (1984): 73-95.
De Stoop, D.F.J.J. "New Guarantees for Human Rights in Armed Conflict: A Major Result of the Geneva Conference 1974-1977." Australian Yearbook of International Law 6 (1978): 52-76.
Dinstein, Yoram. "The New Geneva Protocols: A Step Forward or Backward?" The Yearbook of World Affairs 33 (1979): 265-283.
Erickson, R.J. "Protocol I: A Merging of the Hague and Geneva Law of Armed Conflict." Virginia Journal of International Law 19 (1979): 557-592.
Fenrick, William J. "New Developments in the Law Concerning the Use of Conventional Weapons in Armed Conflict." Canadian Yearbook of International Law 19 (1981): 229-256.
Fischer, Horst. "Limitations and Prohibitions on the Use of Certain Weapons in Non-International Armed Conflicts." In Yearbook 1989-90: International Institute of Humanitarian Law, edited by U. Genesio, et al., 117-180. Milano: Giuffrè Editore, 1992.
Green, Leslie C. "The New Law of Armed Conflict." Canadian Yearbook of International Law 15 (1977): 3-41.
Meyer, Michael, ed. Armed Conflict and the New Law: Aspects of the 1977 Geneva Protocols and the 1981 Weapons Convention. London: British Institute of International and Comparative Law, 1989.
Nafziger, James A.R. "International Penal Aspects of Crimes Against Cultural Property and the Protection of Cultural Property." In International Criminal Law, edited by M. Cherif Bassiouni. Vol. I. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Transnational Publishers, 1986.
Nahlik, Stanislaw Edward. "The Protection of Cultural Property." In International Dimensions of Humanitarian Law, edited by UNESCO and Henry Dunant Institute, 204-215. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1988.
Nahlik, Stanislaw E. "International Law and the Protection of Cultural Property in Armed Conflicts." Hastings Law Journal 27 (1976): 1069-1087.
Paust, Jordan J. "Controlling Prohibited Weapons and the Illegal Use of Permitted Weapons." McGill Law Journal 28 (1983): 608-627.
Sandoz, Yves. "A New Step Forward in International Law: Prohibitions and Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons." International Review of the Red Cross, no. 220 (1981): 3-18.
Sandoz, Yves, et al. Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions 12 August 1949. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross & Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1987.
Santiago, Miriam D. "Humanitarian Law in Armed Conflicts: Protocols I and II to the Geneva Conventions of 1949." Philippine Law Journal 54 (1979): 188-216.
Shaw, Malcolm. "The United Nations Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons." Review of International Studies 9 (1983): 109-121.
Soriano, Samuel. "International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts." Philippine Yearbook of International Law 9 (1983): 83-102.
Williams, Sharon: The International and National Protection of Moveable Cultural Property: A Comparative Study. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana Publications, 1978.
Wortley, B.A. "Observations on the Revision of the 1949 Geneva 'Red Cross' Conventions." British Yearbook of International Law 54 (1983): 143-166.

O Movimento Internacional da Cruz Vermelha e do Crescente Vermelho
Bory, Francoise. Red Cross and Red Crescent: Portrait of an International Movement. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross and League of Red Cross Societies, 1987.
Forsythe, David. "The Red Cross as a Transnational Movement: Conserving and Changing the Nation-State System." International Organization 30 (1976): 607-630.
Haug, Hans, et al. Humanity for All: The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Berne, Switzerland: Haupt Publishers & Henry Dunant Institute, 1993.
Huber, Max. "The Principles of the Red Cross." Foreign Affairs 26 (1948): 723-727.
Hutchinson, John F. Champions of Charity: War and the Rise of the Red Cross. Boulder, Colo., USA: Westview Press, 1996.
International Committee of the Red Cross, and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Handbook of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. 13th ed. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 1994.
Joyce, James Avery. Red Cross International and the Strategy of Peace. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1959.

O Papel do Comitê Internacional da Cruz Vermelha
Forsythe, David. Humanitarian Politics: The International Committee of the Red Cross. Baltimore, Maryland, USA: John Hopkins Univ. Press, 1977.Forsythe, David. "Human Rights and the International Committee of the Red Cross." Human Rights Quarterly 12 (1990): 265-289.
Harroff-Tavel, Marion. "Action Taken by the International Committee of the Red Cross in Situations of Internal Violence." International Review of the Red Cross, no. 294 (1993): 195-220.
Hay, Alexandre. "International Committee of the Red Cross." American University Law Review 31 (1982): 811-816.
International Committee of the Red Cross. "ICRC Protection and Assistance Activities in Situations Not Covered by International Humanitarian Law." International Review of the Red Cross, no. 262 (1988): 9-37.
Moreillon, Jaques. "The International Committee of the Red Cross and the Protection of Political Detainees." International Review of the Red Cross, no. 164 (1974): 585-595; no. 169 (1975): 171-183.
Saxena, J.N. "Red Cross and Human Rights." Indian Journal of International Law 24 (1984): 393-397.
Schindler, Dietrich. "The International Committee of the Red Cross and Human Rights." International Review of the Red Cross, no. 208 (1979): 3-14.
Singh Seghal, B.P. "The Role of the International Committee of the Red Cross in the Development of International Humanitarian Law." Indian Journal of International Law 29 (1989): 52-61.
Veuthey; Michel. "The International Red Cross and the Protection of Human Rights." Acta Juridica (Cape Town) (1979): 207-219.
Willemin, Georges, and Roger Heacock. The International Committee of the Red Cross. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1984.

O Direito Internacional Humanitário e o Direito dos Direitos Humanos
Avtar, R. "Human Rights in an Armed Conflict." Civil and Military Law Journal 17 (1983): 202-206.
Burgos, Hernan Salinas. "The Application of International Humanitarian Law as Compared to Human Rights Law in Situations Qualified as Internal Armed Conflict, Internal Disturbances and Tensions, or Public Emergency, with Special Reference to War Crimes and Political Crimes." In Implementation of International Humanitarian Law, edited by Frits Kalshoven, and Yves Sandoz, 1-30. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1989.
Doswald-Beck, Louise, and Sylvain Vité. "International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law." International Review of the Red Cross, no. 293 (1993): 94-119.
Doswald-Beck, Louise. "International Humanitarian Law: A Means of Protecting Human Rights in Time of Armed Conflict." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 1 (1989): 595-620.
Draper, G.I.A.D. "The Relationship Between the Human Rights Regime and the Law of Armed Conflict." Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 1 (1971): 191-207.
Green, Leslie C. "Human Rights and the Law of Armed Conflict." Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 10 (1980): 9-37.
International Committee of the Red Cross. "Internal Disturbances and Tensions: New Draft Declaration of Minimum Standards - Declaration of Turku." International Review of the Red Cross, no. 282 (1991): 328-336.
International Committee of the Red Cross. "The International Committee of the Red Cross and Torture." International Review of the Red Cross, no. 189 (1976): 610-616.
Kiwanuka, Richard N. "Humanitarian Norms and Internal Strife: Problems and Prospects." " In Implementation of International Humanitarian Law, edited by Frits Kalshoven, and Yves Sandoz, 229-262. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1989.
Melander, Göran. "International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights." Scandinavian Studies in Law 29 (1985): 137-148.
Meron, Theodor. "On the Inadequate Reach of Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law and the Need for a New Instrument." American Journal of International Law 77 (1983): 589-606.
Meron, Theodor. Human Rights in Internal Strife: Their International Protection. Cambridge: Grotius Publications, 1987.
Prasad, Anirudh. "Human Rights in Armed Conflicts." Civil and Military Law Journal 15 (1979): 235-242.
Quentin-Baxter, R. "Human Rights and Humanitarian Law: Confluence of Conflict?" Australian Yearbook of International Law 9 (1985): 94-112.
Rwelamira, Medard R. "The Role of International Humanitarian Law in Internal Disturbances and Tension Situations: Some Reflections." Comparative and International Law Journal of South Africa 20 (1987): 175-189.

Premissas Básicas da Aplicação da Lei

A Aplicação da Lei nos Estados Democráticos
Democracia, o Estado de Direito e os Direitos Humanos
Ambrose, Brendalyn P. Democratization and the Protection of Human Rights in Africa. Westport, Ct., USA.: Praeger, 1995.
Arat, Zehra F. Democracy and Human Rights in Developing Countries. Boulder, Colo., USA.: L Rienner, 1991.
Cohen, Ronald, Goren Hyden, and Winston P. Nagen, eds. I>Human Rights and Governance in Africa. Gainesville Fla., USA: University Press of Florida, 1993.
Franck, Thomas. "The Emerging Right to Democratic Governance." American Journal of International Law 86 (1992): 46-91.
Howard, Rhoda, and Jack Donnelly. "Human Dignity, Human Rights, and Political Regimes." American Political Science Review 80 (1986): 801-817.
International Commission of Jurists. South Africa: Human Rights and the Rule of Law. Geneva: International Commission of Jurists, 1986.
Jelin, Elizabeth, and Eric Hershlberg, eds. Constructing Democracy: Human Rights, Citizenship, and Society in Latin America. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1996.
Kamau Kuria, Gibson. "Human Rights and Democracy in Africa." The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 15 (1991): 131-148.
Müller, Jörg Paul. "Fundamental Rights in Democracy." Human Rights Law Journal 4 (1983): 131-148.
Pietrowski, Michele S. "The One Party State as a Threat to Civil and Political Liberties in Kenya." In Africa Human Rights in a Changing World, edited by Eileen McCarthy-Arnolds, David R. Penna, and Debra Joy Cruz Sobrepena, 131-146. Westport, Ct., USA: Greenwood Press, 1994.
Rosas, Allan. "Democracy and Human Rights." In Human Rights in a Changing East West Perspective, edited by Allan Rosas and Jan Helgesen, 17-57. London: Pinter Publishers, 1990.
Rosas, Allan. The Strength of Diversity: Human Rights and Pluralist Democracy. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1992.
Shelton, Dinah. "Representative Democracy and Human Rights in the Western Hemisphere." Human Rights Law Journal 12 (1991-92): 353-357.
Steiner, Henry. "Political Participation as a Human Right." Harvard Human Rights Yearbook 1 (1988): 77- 134.
Wanandi, Jusuf. "Human Rights and Democracy in the ASEAN Nations: The Next 25 Years." The Indonesian Quarterly 21 (1993): 15-24.
Wanda, B.P. "The One Party State and the Protection of Human Rights in Africa with Particular Reference to Political Rights." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 3 (1991): 756-770.

A Aplicação da Lei e os Direitos Humanos
Adeyemi, Adedokun A. "United Nations Human Rights Instruments and Criminal Justice Norms and Standards." In The Protection of Human Rights in African Criminal Proceedings, edited by M. Cherif
Bassiouni and Ziyad Motala. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.
Albasu, Alhaji Bashir. "Obstacles to the Respect of Human Rights by the Police." In Law Enforcement and Human Rights in Nigeria, edited by Civil Liberties Organisation, 108-116. Lagos: Civil Liberties Organisation, 1995.
Alderson, John. "Human Rights and Criminal Procedure: A Police View." In Human Rights in Criminal Procedure, edited by John Andrews, 332-348. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1982.
Alderson, John. Policing Freedom: A Commentary on the Dilemmas of Policing in Western Democracies. Plymouth, England: MacDonald and Evans, 1979.
An-Na'im, A.A., ed. "Police, Security Forces and Human Rights in the Third World." Third World Legal Studies 1990 (1990): Special Issue.
Bassiouni, M. Cherif, in collaboration with Alfred de Zayas. The Protection of Human Rights in the Administration of Criminal Justice: A Compendium of United Nations Norms and Standards. Irvington on Hudson, New York: Transnational Publishers, 1994.
Cawthra, Gavin. "The Police in a New South Africa." In Policing South Africa: The South African Police and the Transition from Apartheid, 161-208. London: Zed Books, 1993.
Clark, Roger S. The United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Program: Formulation of Standards and Efforts at Their Implementation. Philadelphia, Penn., USA: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1994.
Council of Europe. Human Rights and the Police. Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 1984.
Crawshaw, Ralph. Human Rights and the Theory and Practice of Policing. Papers in the Theory and Practice of Human Rights No. 10. Colchester, United Kingdom: Human Rights Centre, University of Essex.
Diaz, S.M. "Police and the Problem of Human Rights." In Encyclopedia of Police in India, vol. II, edited by S.K. Gosh and K.F. Rustamji, 671-684. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House, 1994.
Goldstein, Herman. Policing a Free Society. Cambridge, Mass., USA: Ballinger Publishing, 1977.
Gutto, Shadrack B.O. "Human Rights and the Rule of Law in the Transformation of the Criminal Justice System in Kenya." In The Protection of Human Rights in African Criminal Proceedings, edited by M. Cherif Bassiouni and Ziyad Motala, 131-148. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.
Henderson, George. Police Human Relations. Springfield, Illinois, USA: Charles C. Thomas Publishing, 1981.
Hertzberg, Sandra, and Carmela Zammuto. The Protection of Human Rights in the Criminal Process under International Instruments and National Constitutions. Toulouse, France: Erès, 1981.
Huber, Barbara. "Human Rights and Criminal Law: The Impact of the European Court of Human Rights on the Administration of Justice of its Members." Comparative and International Law Journal of South Africa 16 (1981): 300-314.
Ibidapo-obe, Akin. "Police Brutality: Dimensions and Control in Nigeria." In Law Enforcement and Human Rights in Nigeria, edited by Civil Liberties Organisation, 64-88. Lagos: Civil Liberties Organisation, 1995.
Kibwana; Kivutha, and Kathurima M'Inoti. "Human Rights Issues in the Criminal Justice System of Kenya and the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights: A Comparative Analysis." In The Protection of Human Rights in African Criminal Proceedings, edited by M. Cherif Bassiouni and Ziyad Motala, 119-130. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.
Mueller, Gerhard O.W. "The United Nations Draft Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials." Police Studies 1, no. 2 (1978): 17-21.
Mwalusanya, James L. "The Protection of Human Rights in the Criminal Justice Proceedings: The Tanzanian Experience." In The Protection of Human Rights in African Criminal Proceedings, edited by M. Cherif Bassiouni and Ziyad Motala, 285-306. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.
Nsereko, Daniel D. N. "The Police, Human Rights, and the Constitution: An African Perspective." Human Rights Quarterly 15 (1993): 465-484.
Odekunle, Femi. "Strategies and Policies for the Advancement of Human Rights in the Administration of Criminal Justice in Africa: An Outline." In The Protection of Human Rights in African Criminal Proceedings, edited by M. Cherif Bassiouni and Ziyad Motala, 51-62. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.
Okyekpere, Eze. "Law Enforcement and Human Rights: The Litigation Experience." In Law Enforcement and Human Rights in Nigeria, edited by Civil Liberties Organisation, 117-137. Lagos: Civil Liberties Organisation, 1995.
Pocar, Fausto. "Crossover Linkages and Overlaps Between Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice and Human Rights." In The Contributions of Specialised Institutes and Non-Governmental Organizations to the United Nations Criminal Justice Program, edited by M. Cherif Bassiouni, 137-146. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.
Reiss, Albert J. The Police and the Public. New Haven, Ct., USA: Yale Unniv. Press, 1971.
Sen, Sankar. "Human Rights and the Criminal Justice System." The Police Journal 69 (1996): 51-60.
Solo, Kholisani. "Police Training and Human Rights in Botswana." In The Protection of Human Rights in African Criminal Proceedings, edited by M. Cherif Bassiouni and Ziyad Motala, 73-81. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.
Sorabjee, Soli J. "The Police and Human Rights." In Encyclopedia of Police in India, vol. II, edited by S.K. Gosh and K.F. Rustamji, 579-588. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House, 1994.
Robilliard, St. John A., and Jenny McEwan. Police Powers and the Individual. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986.
United Nations. United Nations Symposium on the Role of Police in the Protection of Human Rights. UN Doc. ST/HR/SER. A/6. New York: United Nations, 1980.
United Nations Secretariat. Eighth United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders. Held in Havana, Cuba, 27 August - 7 September 1990. UN Doc. A/Conf. 144/28/Rev.1.
United Nations Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs. Compendium of United Nations Standards and Norms in Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. New York: United Nations, 1992.
United Nations Commission for the Prevention of Crime and Criminal Justice. United Nations Standards and Norms in the Field of Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice - 5 th Session. UN Doc. E/CN.15/1996/16 Vienna, 1996.
Vetere, Eduardo. "The Work of the United Nations in Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice. In The Contributions of Specialised Institutes and Non-Governmental Organizations to the United Nations Criminal Justice Program, edited by M. Cherif Bassiouni, 15-63. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.

A Conduta Ética e Legal na Aplicação da Lei
A Conduta Ética e Legal na Aplicacão da Lei
Adeyemi, Adedokun A. "United Nations Human Rights Instruments and Criminal Justice Norms and Standards." In The Protection of Human Rights in African Criminal Proceedings, edited by M. Cherif
Bassiouni and Ziyad Motala. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.
Alderson, John. "Ethics." In Policing Freedom: A Commentary on the Dilemmas of Policing in Western Democracies. Plymouth, England: MacDonald and Evans, 1979.
Armstrong, Terry R, and Kenneth M. Cinnamon, eds. Power and Authority in Law Enforcement. Springfield, Ill., USA: Charles C. Thomas Publishing, 1976.
Amnesty International. Codes of Professional Ethics. London, Amnesty International Publications, 1979.
Barker, Thomas, and David L. Carter, eds. Police Deviance. Cincinnati, Ohio, USA: Anderson Publishing, 1991.
Bassiouni, M. Cherif, in collaboration with Alfred de Zayas. The Protection of Human Rights in the Administration of Criminal Justice: A Compendium of United Nations Norms and Standards. Irvington on Hudson, New York: Transnational Publishers, 1994.
Clark, Roger S. The United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Program: Formulation of Standards and Efforts at Their Implementation. Philadelphia, Penn., USA: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1994.
Council of Europe. Human Rights and the Police. Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 1984.
Davis, Michael. "Do Cops Really Need a Code of Ethics?" Journal of Criminal Justice Ethics 10 (1991): 14-28.
Delattre, Edward S. Character and Cops: Ethics in Policing. 2nd ed. Washington D.C.: AEI Press, 1994.
Gosh, S.K., and K.F. Rustamji. "Police Ethics." In Encyclopedia of Police in India. Vol. II. 847-854. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House, 1994.
Gottfredson, Michael R., and Don M. Gottredson. Decision Making in Criminal Justice: Toward the Exercise of Discretion. 2nd ed. New York: Plenum Press, 1988.
Haggard, Patricia. Police Ethics. Lampeter, Dyfed, Wales: Edwin Mellen Press, 1993.
Hyams, Michael. "Communicating the Ethical Standard." The Journal of California Law Enforcement 24, no. 3 (1990):76-82.
International Association of Chiefs of Police. Canons of Police Ethics. Washington D.C.: IACP, 1957.
Kleinig, John, and Yorang Zhang. Professional Law Enforcement Codes: A Documentary Collection. Westport, Connecticut, USA: Greenwood Press, 1993.
Mueller, Gerhard O.W. "The United Nations Draft Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials." Police Studies 1, no. 2 (1978): 17-21.
Metropolitan Police. The Principles of Policing and Guidance for Professional Behaviour. London: Metropolitan Police Force - London, 1985.
Molina, Luis. "Comments on the 'Universality' of the Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials." Third World Legal Studies 59 (1990):
Punch, Maurice. Conduct Unbecoming. The Social Construction of Police Deviance and Control. London: Tavistock Publications, 1985.
Rodley, Nigel. "International Codes of Ethics for Professionals." In The Treatment of Prisoners Under International Law, 278-288. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1987.
Redo, Slawomir. "United Nations Criminal Justice Norms and Standards and Customary Law." In The Contributions of Specialised Institutes and Non-Governmental Organizations to the United Nations Criminal Justice Program, edited by M. Cherif Bassiouni, 109-135. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.
Schmalleger, Frank, and Robert Gustafson. The Social Basis of Criminal Justice: Ethical Issues for the Eighties. Washington D.C.: University Press of America, 1981.
Shearinf, C.D., ed. Organizational Police Deviance: Its Structure and Control. Toronto, Canada: Butterworth and Co., 1981.

Responsabilidades Básicas na Aplicação da Lei

Prevenção e Detecção do Crime
O Arcabouço Jurídico para a Aplicação da Lei
Garantias Judicias e o Direito à Privacidade
Bakken, Timothy. "International Law and Human Rights for Defendants in Criminal Trials." Indian Journal of International Law 25 (1985): 411-423.
Harris, David. "The Right to a Fair Trial in Criminal Proceedings as a Human Right." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 16 (1967): 352-378.
McGoldrick, Dominic. "Article 14." In The Human Rights Committee: Its Role in the Development of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. 396-458. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.
Noor Muhammad, Haji N.A. "Due Process of Law for Persons Accused of Crime." In The International Bill of Rights, edited by Louis Henkin. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1981.
Nowak, Manfred. "Article 14: Procedural Guarantees in Civil and Criminal Trials." In United Nations Convention on Civil and Political Rights: CCPR Commentary. 233-273. Kehl: N.P. Engel, 1993.
Nowak, Manfred. "Article 17: Privacy." In United Nations Convention on Civil and Political Rights: CCPR Commentary. 287-307. Kehl: N.P. Engel, 1993.
Stavros, Stephanos. "The Rights to a Fair Trial In Emergency Situations." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 41 (1992): 343-365.
Van Dijk, Pieter. "Universal Legal Principles of Fair Trial in Criminal Proceedings." In Human Rights in a Changing East - West Perspective, edited by Allan Rosas and Jan Helgesen, 89-135. London: Pinter Publishers, 1990.
Volio, Fernando. "Legal Personality, Privacy, and the Family." In The International Bill of Rights, edited by Louis Henkin, 184-208. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1981.

Prevenção e Detecção do Crime
Levantamento de Provas e Interrogatórios
Amnesty International. Torture in the Eighties. London: Amnesty International, 1984.
Fernandez, Lovell. Police Abuses of Non-Political Criminal Suspects: A Survey of Practices in the Cape Peninsula Area. Cape Town, South Africa: Institute of Criminology, University of Cape Town, 1991.
Hanks, Peter, and John D. McCamus. National Security: Surveillance and Accountability in a Democratic Society. Cowansville, Quebec, Canada: Les Editions Yvon Blais, 1989.
Hillyard, Paddy. Suspect Community: People's Experience of the Prevention of Terrorism Acts in Britain. Boulder, Colorado, USA: Westview Press, 1993.
Human Rights Watch. Torture and Ill-Treatment: Israeli's Interrogation of Palestinians from the Occupied Territories. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1994.
Nsereko, Daniel D. N. "The Poisoned Tree: Responses to Involuntary Confessions in Criminal Proceedings in Botswana, Uganda, and Zambia." In The Protection of Human Rights in African Criminal Proceedings, edited by M. Cherif Bassiouni and Ziyad Motala, 83-102. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.
O'Hara, Charles, and Gregory L. O'Hara. Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation. 5th ed. Springfield Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, 1988.
Richards, G. "Effective Police-Community Relations are the Cornerstone of the Prevention and Detection of Crime." The Police Journal 65, no. 1 (1992): 10-20.
Rodley, Nigel. The Treatment of Prisoners Under International Law. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1987.
Sieghart, Paul. "Physical Integrity." In The International Law of Human Rights. 128-192. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983.

Desaparecimentos e Mortes Extra-Legais
Amnesty International. Getting Away with Murder: Political Killings and Disappearances in the 1990's. London: Amnesty International, 1993.
Amnesty International. "Disappearances and Political Killings" Human Rights Crisis of the 1990s: A Manual for Action. Amsterdam: Amnesty International, 1994.
Amnesty International. Peru: Disappearances, Torture, and Summary Executions by Government Forces After the Prison Revolts of June 1986. London: Amnesty International, 1987.
Asia Watch. Police Killings and Rural Violence in Andhra Pradesh: Human Rights in India. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1992.
Brody, Reed. "Commentary on the Draft UN Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 4 (1990): 381-394.
Chevigny, Paul, and Belle Gale Chevigny. Police Abuse in Brazil: Summary Execution and Torture in Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. New York; Americas Watch, 1987.
Human Rights Watch. Final Justice: Police and Death Squad Homicides of Adolescents in Brazil. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1994.
Kaufman, E., and P. Weiss Fagen. "Extrajudicial Execution: An Insight in the Global Dimensions of a Human Rights Violation." Human Rights Quarterly 3 (1981): 81-100.
Rodley, Nigel. "Disappeared Prisoners - Unacknowledged Detention." In The Treatment of Prisoners Under International Law, 191-217. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1987.
Rodley, Nigel. "Extra-Legal Execution." In The Treatment of Prisoners Under International Law, 144-164. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1987.
Weisbrodt, David. "Protecting the Right to Life: International Measures Against Arbitrary or Summary Killings by Governments." In The Right to Life, edited by B.G. Ramcharan, 297-314. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1985.

A Administração da Justiça Juvenil
Vide as referências em "A Aplicação da Lei nos Casos de Grupos Vulneráveis - Crianças e Adolescentes: A Administração da Justiça Juvenil"

As Vítimas da Criminalidade e Abuso de Poder
Vide as referências em "A Aplicação da Lei nos Casos de Grupos Vulneráveis - Vítimas".

Manutenção da Lei e da Ordem
Reuniões e Manifestações
Africa Watch. The Article 19 Freedom of Expression Manual: International and Comparative Law, Standards, and Procedures. London: Africa Watch, 1993.
Coliver, Sandra, ed. Striking a Balance: Hate Speech, Freedom of Expression, and Non-Discrimination. London: Human Rights Centre University of Essex, 1992.
Dimitrijevic, Vojiin. "Freedom of Opinion and Expression." In Human Rights in a Changing East-West Perspective, edited by Allan Rosas and Jan Helgesen, 58-88. London: Pinter Publishers, 1990.
Garibaldi, Oscar M. "General Limitations of Human Rights: The Principle of Legality." Harvard International Law Journal 17 (1976): 503-557.
Gosh, S.K. Freedom of Speech and Assembly and Public Order. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House, 1993.
Kiss, Alexandre C. "Permissible Limitations on Rights." In The International Bill of Rights, edited by Louis Henkin, 290-310. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1981.
Lawson, Edward. "Freedom of Peaceful Assembly. " In Encyclopedia of Human Rights. 2nd ed. 530-535. New York: Taylor and Francis, 1996.
Lawson, Edward. "Freedom of Opinion and Expression." In Encyclopedia of Human Rights. 2nd ed. 457-551. Washington D.C.: Taylor and Francis, 1996.
McGoldrick, Dominic. "Article 19." In The Human Rights Committee: Its Role in the Development of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. 459-479. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.
Nowak, Manfred. "Article 21: Freedom of Assembly." In United Nations Convention on Civil and Political Rights: CCPR Commentary. 370-384. Kehl: N.P. Engel, 1993.
Nowak, Manfred. "Article 19: Freedom of Opinion, Expression and Information." In United Nations Convention on Civil and Political Rights: CCPR Commentary. 335-358. Kehl: N.P. Engel, 1993.
Partsch, Karl Josef. "Freedom of Conscience and Expression, and Political Freedoms." In The International Bill of Rights, edited by Louis Henkin, 209-245. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1981.
Shetreet, Shimon, ed. Free Speech and National Security. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1991.

Distúrbios Interiores e Tensões Internas
Bassiouni, M. Cherif, ed. The Law of Dissent and Riots. Springfield Ill., USA: Charles C. Thomas Publishing, 1971.
Burgos, Hernan Salinas. "The Application of International Humanitarian Law as Compared to Human Rights Law in Situations Qualified as Internal armed Conflict, Internal Disturbances and Tensions, or Public Emergency, with Special Reference to War crimes and Political Crimes." In Implementation of International Humanitarian Law, edited by Frits Kalshoven and Yves Sandoz, 1-30. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1989.
Daranowski, Piotr. "Rules of Humanitarian Treatment of Individuals in Situations of Internal Disturbances and Tensions: Prospects for Protection and Regulation." Polish Quarterly of International Affairs 3 (1994): 159-170.
Eide, Asbjörn. "Internal Disturbances and Tensions." In International Dimensions of Humanitarian Law, edited by UNESCO & Henry Dunant Institute, 241-258. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers: 1988.
International Committee of the Red Cross. "Declaration of Minimum Humanitarian Standards - Declaration of Turku." International Review of the Red Cross, no. 282 (May-June 1991): 328-336.
International Committee of the Red Cross. "ICRC Protection and Assistance Activities in Situation Not Covered by International Humanitarian Law." International Review of the Red Cross, no. 262 (Jan.- Feb. 1988): 9-37.
Kiwanuka, Richard N. "Humanitarian Norms and Internal Strife: Problems and Prospects." " In Implementation of International Humanitarian Law, edited by Frits Kalshoven and Yves Sandoz, 229-262. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1989.
Meron, Theodor. Human Rights in Internal Strife: Their International Protection. Cambridge: Grotius Publications, 1987.
Meron, Theodor. "On the Inadequate Reach of Humanitarian and Human Rights Law and the Need for a New Instrument." American Journal of International Law 77 (1983): 589-606.
Meron, Theodor. "Towards a Humanitarian Declaration on Internal Strife." American Journal of International Law 78 (1984): 859-869.
Rwelamira, Medard R. "The Role of International Humanitarian Law in Internal Disturbances and Tension Situations: Some Reflections." Comparative and International Law Journal of South Africa 20 (1987): 175-189.
Sen, Sankar. "Terrorist Violence and Human Rights." The Police Journal 67 (1994): 39-44.

Estado de Emergência
Amnesty International. Torture and Violations of the Right to Life under States of Emergency. London: Amnesty International, 1988.
Buergenthal, Thomas. "To Respect and Ensure: State Obligations and Permissible Derogations." In The International Bill of Rights, edited by Louis Henkin, 72-91. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1981.
Fitzpatrick, Joan. Human Rights in Crisis: The International System for Protecting Rights During States of Emergency. Philadelphia, Penn., USA: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1994.
Green, Leslie C. "Derogations of Human Rights in Emergency Situations." Canadian Yearbook of International Law 16 (1978): 92-115.
Hartman, Joan F. "Derogation from Human Rights Treaties in Public Emergencies." Harvard International Law Journal 22 (1981): 1-52.
Higgins, Rosalyn. "Derogation Under Human Rights Treaties." British Yearbook of International Law 48 (1976-77): 281-320.
International Commission of Jurists. States of Emergency: Their Impact on Human Rights. Geneva: International Commission of Jurists, 1983.
International Committee of the Red Cross. "Declaration of Minimum Humanitarian Standards - Declaration of Turku." International Review of the Red Cross, no. 282 (May-June 1991): 328-336.
Lawson, Edward. "States of Emergency" In Encyclopedia of Human Rights. 2nd ed. 1407-1412. New York: Taylor and Francis, 1996.
McGoldrick, Dominic. "Article 4." 301-327. In The Human Rights Committee: Its Role in the Development of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.
Nowak, Manfred. "Article 4: Permissible Derogations in Time of Public Emergency." In United Nations Convention on Civil and Political Rights: CCPR Commentary. 72-94. Kehl: N.P. Engel, 1993.
Oraà, Jamie. Human Rights in States Of Emergency in International Law. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1992.

Conflito Armado Não Internacional
Abi-Saab, Georges. "Non-International Armed Conflict." In International Dimensions of Humanitarian Law, edited by UNESCO & Henry Dunant Institute, 217-241. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers: 1988.
Baloro, John. "International Humanitarian Law and Situations of Internal Armed Conflict in Africa." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 4 (1992): 449-471.
Bothe, Michael, Karl Josef Partsch, and Waldemar A. Solf. New Rules for the Victims of Armed Conflicts. 604-706. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1982.
Crawshaw, Ralph W. "Police and the Law of Armed Conflict." The Police Journal 64 (1991): 258-268.
Forsythe, David. "Legal Management of Internal War: The 1977 Protocol on Non-International Armed Conflict." American Journal of International Law 72 (1978): 272-295.
Green, Leslie C. The Contemporary Law of Armed Conflict. 303-316. Manchester: Manchester Univ. Press, 1993.
Hampson, Francoise. "Human Rights and Humanitarian Law in Internal Conflicts. In Armed Conflict and the New Law, edited by Michael Meyer, 55-80. London: British Institute of International and Comparative Law, 1989.
Kalshoven, Frits. Constraints on the Waging of War. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1991.
Kwakwa, Edward K. The International Law of Armed Conflict: Personal and Material Fields of Application. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publications, 1992.
Levie, Howard S, ed. The Law of Non-International Armed Conflict: Protocol II to the 1949 Geneva Conventions. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1987.
Meindersma, Christa. "Applicability of Humanitarian Law in International and Internal Armed Conflict." Hague Yearbook of International Law 7 (1994): 113-139.
Sandoz, Yves, et al. I>Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions 12 August 1949. 1307-1509. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross & Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1987.
Schinlder, Dietrich. The Different Types of Conflicts According to the Geneva Conventions and Protocols." Recueil des Cours - Hague Academy of International Law 163 (1979): 117-164.
Umozurike, U.O. "The Application of International Humanitarian Law to Civil Conflicts." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 4 (1992): 493-505.

Conflito Armado Internacional
Bothe, Michael, Karl Josef Partsch, and Waldemar A. Solf. New Rules for the Victims of Armed Conflicts. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1982.
Crawshaw, Ralph W. "Police and the Law of Armed Conflict." The Police Journal 64 (1991): 258-268.
Green, Leslie C. The Contemporary Law of Armed Conflict. Manchester: Manchester Univ. Press, 1993.
Kalshoven, Frits. Constraints on the Waging of War. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1991.
Kwakwa, Edward K. The International Law of Armed Conflict: Personal and Material Fields of Application. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publications, 1992.
Meindersma, Christa. "Applicability of Humanitarian Law in International and Internal Armed Conflict." Hague Yearbook of International Law 7 (1994): 113-139.
Pictet, Jean. The Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 Commentary. 4 vols. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1952-1960.
Sandoz, Yves, et al. Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions 12 August 1949. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross & Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1987.
Schindler, Dietrich. "The Different Types of Conflicts According to the Geneva Conventions and Protocols." Recueil des Cours - Hague Academy of International Law 163 (1979): 117-164.

Poderes Básicos na Aplicação da Lei

Captura
Definições e Captura na Aplicação da Lei
Dinstein, Yoram. "The Right to Life, Physical Integrity, and Liberty." In The International Bill of Rights, edited by Louis Henkin, 114-137. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1981.
Hassan, Parvez. "The Word "Arbitrary" as Used in the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights: "Illegal" or "Unjust"? Harvard International Law Journal 10 (1969): 225-262.
Lawson, Edward. "Arbitrary Arrest, Detention, and Exile." In Encyclopedia of Human Rights. 2nd ed. 95-98. Washington D.C.: Taylor and Francis, 1996.
Lopez, Christina Anne. "Freedom form Arbitrary Arrest and Detention in the Philippines: A Problem of Enforcement." Boston College Third World Law Journal 4 (1983): 72-98.
Maki, Linda J. "General Principles of Human Rights Law Recognised by All Nations; Freedom From Arbitrary Arrest and Detention." California Western International Law Journal 10 (1980): 272-313.
Marcoux, Laurent Jr. "Protection From Arbitrary Arrest and Detention Under International Law." Boston College International and Comparative Law Review 5 (1982): 345-376.
Nowak, Manfred. "Article 9: Liberty and Security of Person." In United Nations Convention on Civil and Political Rights: CCPR Commentary. 158-182. Kehl: N.P. Engel, 1993.
Rodley, Nigel. "Guarantees Against Abuses of the Human Person: Arbitrary Arrest and Detention." In The Treatment of Prisoners Under International Law. 256-279. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1987.
Sieghart, Paul. "Liberty and Security: Arrest and Detention." In The International Law of Human Rights. 135-148. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983.
United Nations. United Nations Study on the Right of Everyone to be Free From Arbitrary Arrest, Detention and Exile. 34 U.N. ESCOR Supp. (No. 8) U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/826/rev.1 (1964).

Detenção
Detenção e o Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos
Definições, Proibições e Tratamento Humano
Amnesty International. Togo: Political Imprisonment and Torture. London: Amnesty International, 1986.
Amnesty International. Syria: Long-Term Detention and Torture of Political Prisoners. London: Amnesty International, 1992.
Amnesty International. Kampuchea: Political Imprisonment and Torture. London: Amnesty International, 1987.
Amnesty International. Amnesty International Report on the Allegations of Ill-Treatment of Prisoners at Archambault Institution Quebec, Canada. London: Amnesty International, 1983.
Burgers, J. Herman, and Hans Danelius. The United Nations Convention Against Torture: A Handbook Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1988.
Cook, Helena. "Preventive Detention: International Standards and the Protection of the Individual." In Preventive Detention: A Comparative and International Law Perspective, edited by Stanislaw Frankowski and Dinah Shelton, 1-52. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1992.
Evans, Malcolm, and Rod Morgan. "The European Convention for the Prevention of Torture: Operational Practice." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 41 (1992): 590-614.
Human Rights Watch Prison Project. The Human Rights Watch Global Report on Prisons. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1993.
Lawson, Edward. "Prisoners." In Encyclopedia of Human Rights. 2nd ed. 1181-1194. Washington D.C.: Taylor and Francis, 1996.
Lawson, Edward. "Torture." In Encyclopedia of Human Rights. 2nd ed. 1444-1464. Washington D.C.: Taylor and Francis, 1996.
Nowak, Manfred. "Article 10: Right of Detainees to be Treated with Humanity and Dignity." In United Nations Convention on Civil and Political Rights: CCPR Commentary. 183-192. Kehl: N.P. Engel, 1993.
Penal Reform International. Making Standards Work: An International Handbook on Good Prison Practice. The Hague: Penal Reform International, 1995.
Rodley, Nigel. The Treatment of Prisoners Under International Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987.
Skoler, D.L. "World Implementation of he United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners." Journal of Law and Economics 10 (1975): 453-482.
Toman, Jiri. "Quasi-Legal Standards and Guidelines for Protecting Human Rights of Detained Persons." In Guide to International Human Rights Practice, edited by Hurst Hannum for the International Human Rights Law Group. 200-219. Philadelphia, Penn., USA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1984.
Tomasevski, Katarina. Prison Health: International Standards and National Practices in Europe. Helsinki: Helsinki European United Nations Institute, 1992.
Treverton-Jones, G.D. Imprisonment: The Legal Status and Rights of Prisoners. London: Maxwell and Sweet, 1989.
United Nations Commission on Human Rights. Questions of the Human Rights of All Persons Subjected to Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment, Torture, and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Punishment. Report by Special Rapporteur P. Kooijmans. United Nations Document E/CN.4/1987/13. Geneva: United Nations, 1987.
United Nations Centre for Human Rights, and Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Branch. Human Rights and Pre-Trial Detention: A Handbook of International Standards Relating to Pre-Trial Detention. New York and Geneva: United Nations, 1994.
United Nations Secretariat. The Implementation of the UN's Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners. Report to the VIth United Nations Conference on Crime Prevention and the Treatment of Offenders. UN Doc. A/Conf/87/11, 10 July 1980. New York: United Nations, 1980.
Williams, Paul R. The Treatment of Detainees: An Examination of Issues Relevant to Detention by the United Nations Human Rights Committee. Geneva: Henry Dunant Institute, 1990.

A Situação Especial das Crianças e Adolescentes
Defence for Children International. Children in Prison in Turkey. Geneva: Defence for Children International, 1988.
Human Rights Watch Children's Rights Project. United States Children in Confinement in Louisiana. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1995.
Lawson, Edward. "Juvenile Justice: Standards Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice." In Encyclopedia of Human Rights. 2nd ed. 922-935. Washington D.C.: Taylor and Francis, 1996.
Tomasevski, Katarina, ed. Children in Adult Prisons: An International Perspective. London: F. Pinter, 1986.
United Nations Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs. "Juvenile Justice in International Perspective." International Review of Criminal Policy 39-40 (1990): Special Double Issue.
United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities. Application of International Standards Concerning the Human Rights of Detained Juveniles. Report Prepared by the Special Rapporteur, Mrs. Mary Concepcion Bautista, Pursuant to Sub-Commission Resolution 1990/21. United Nations Document E/CN.4/Sub.2/1991/24. Geneva: United Nations, 1991.
Van Bueren, Geraldine. "The Administration of Juvenile Justice and the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency." In The International Law on the Rights of the Child, 169-205. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.
Veerman, Philip, and Adir Waldman. "When Can Children and Adolescents be Detained Separately from Adults? : The Case of Palestinian Children Deprived of Their Liberty in Israeli Military Jails and Prisons." International Journal of Children's Rights 4 (1996): 147-160.

A Situação Especial da Mulher
Amnesty International. Rape and Sexual Abuse: Torture and Ill-Treatment of Women in Detention. 1991.
Hahn-Rafter, Nicole. "Even in Prison, Women Are Treated as Second Class Citizens." Human Rights 14 (1987): 28-51.
Human Rights Watch. Double Jeopardy: Police Abuses of Women in Pakistan. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1992.

Detenção e o Direito Internacional Humanitário
Distúrbios Interiores, Tensões Internas e Estado de Emergência
Vide as referências listadas em "Poderes Básicos na Aplicação da lei: Manutenção da Lei e da Ordem - Distúrbios Interiores e Tensões Internas".

Conflito Armado Não Internacional
Bothe, Michael, Karl Josef Partsch, and Waldemar A. Solf. "Part II: Humane Treatment." New Rules for the Victims of Armed Conflicts. 633-653. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1982.
Green, Leslie C. "The Law of Non-International Armed Conflict." In The Contemporary Law of Armed Conflict. 303-317. Manchester: Manchester Univ. Press, 1993.
Sandoz, Yves, et al. "Commentary on the Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International armed Conflicts (Protocol II): Part II Humane Treatment." In Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions 12 August 1949. 1365-1402. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross & Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1987.

Conflito Armado Internacional
Bothe, Michael, Karl Josef Partsch, and Waldemar A. Solf. "Article 75 : Fundamental Guarantees." New Rules for the Victims of Armed Conflicts. 452-466. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1982.
Green, Leslie C. "Prisoners of War." In The Contemporary Law of Armed Conflict. 188-206. Manchester: Manchester Univ. Press, 1993.
Hingorani, R.C. Prisoners of War. 2nd ed. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing, 1982.
Sandoz, Yves, et al. "Commentary on the Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I): Article 75 Fundamental Guarantees." In Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions 12 August 1949. 862-890. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross & Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1987

O Papel e a Responsabilidade do Comitê Internacional da Cruz Vermelha
Daudin, Pascal, and Hernán Reyes. "Armed Conflicts and Analogous Disturbances: How Visits by the ICRC Help Prisoners Cope with the Effects of Traumatic Stress." In International Responses to Traumatic Stress, edited by Yael Danieli, Nigel S. Rodley, and Lars Weisaeth, 219-256. Amityville, New York: Baywood Publishing, 1996.
International Committee of the Red Cross, and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. "Section V: War Time Activities." In Handbook of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. 13th ed. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 1994.
International Committee of the Red Cross. "The International Committee of the Red Cross and Torture." International Review of the Red Cross, no. 189 (1976): 610-616.
Moreillon, Jaques. "The International Committee of the Red Cross and the Protection of Political Detainees." International Review of the Red Cross, no. 164 (1974): 585-595; 15, no. 169 (1975): 171-183.
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and Henry Dunant Institute. Activities of National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in Prisons. Geneva: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and Henry Dunant Institute, 1994.

Uso da Força e Armas de Fogo
Questões Legais Associadas ao Uso da Força e Armas de Fogo
Alderson, John. "The Doctrine of Minimum Force." In Policing Freedom: A Commentary on the Dilemmas of Policing in Western Democracies. 49-50. Plymouth, England: MacDonald and Evans, 1979.
Amnesty International. France: Shootings, Killings and Alleged Ill-Treatment by Law Enforcement Officers. London: Amnesty International, 1994.
Amnesty International. United States of America: Torture, Ill Treatment and Excessive Use of Force in Los Angeles, California. New York: Amnesty International, 1992.
Amnesty International. Philippines: Unlawful Killings by Military and Paramilitary Forces. New York: Amnesty International, 1988.
Asmal, Kadar. Shoot to Kill? International Lawyers' Inquiry into the Lethal Use of Firearms by the Security Forces in Northern Ireland. Dublin: Mercier Press, 1985.
Binder, A. and L. Fridell. "Lethal Force as a Police Response." Criminal Justice Abstracts 16 (1984): 250-280.
Binder, A. P. Scharf, and R. Galvin. Use of Deadly Force by Police Officers: Final Report. Washington D.C.: National Institute of Justice, 1982.
Blumberg, Mark. "Police Use of Deadly Force: Explaining Some Key Issues." In Police Deviance, edited by Thomas Barker and David L. Carter, 219-239. Cincinnati, Ohio, USA: Anderson Publishing, 1991.
Boyle, C.K. "The Concept of Arbitrary Deprivation of Life." In The Right to Life in International Law, edited by B.G. Ramcharan, 221-244. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1985.
Chevigny, Paul. Police Brutality in the United States: A Policy Statement on the Need for Federal Oversight. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1991.
Chevigny, Paul. "Police Deadly Force as Social Control: Jamaica, Argentina, and Brazil." Criminal Law Forum 1 (1990): 389-425.
Crawshaw, Ralph. "The Right to Life and the Use of Lethal Force." The Police Journal 64 (1991): 299-308.
Duffy, Peter. "International Standards on the Use of Force by Law Enforcement Personnel." In The Non-Use of Force in International Law, edited by William E. Butler, 161-171. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1989.
Fyfe, James J. "Administrative Interventions on Police Shooting Discretion: An Empirical Examination." Journal of Criminal Justice 7 (1979): 309-323.
Geller, William A. "Deadly Force: What We Know." Journal of Police Science and Administration. 10 (1982): 151-177.
Ghandi, P.R. "The Human Rights Committee and Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966." Indian Journal of International Law 29 (1989): 326-345.
Gregory, Frank. "Policing the Democratic State: How Much Force?" Conflict Studies, no. 194 (Dec. 1986): 1-25.
Human Rights Watch. Police Brutality in the U. S. New York. Human Rights Watch, 1991.
Human Rights Watch/Americas. Police abuses in Brazil: Summary Executions and Torture in Sao Paolo and Rio de Janeiro. New York: Human Watch, 1987.
Kuykendall, J. "Trends in the Use of Deadly Force by Police." Journal of Criminal Justice 9 (1981): 359-366.
Matukia, Kenneth. A Balance of Forces: Model Deadly Force Policy and Procedure. 2nd ed. Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA: International Association of Chiefs of Police, 1985.
Nsereko, Daniel D. N. "Arbitrary Deprivation of Life: Controls on Permissible Deprivations." In The Right to Life in International Law, edited by B.G. Ramcharan, 245-283. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1985.
Poole, L. and F. Sampson. "The Council of Europe Conference on Human Rights - The Limits of Discretionary Power with Respect to the Use of Force in Policing." The Police Journal 64 (1991): 201-208.
Ramcharan, B.G. "The Right to Life." Netherlands International Law Review 30 (1983): 297-329.
United States Dept. of Justice. A Community Concern: Police Use of Deadly Force. Washington D.C. National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, 1979.
Para referências sobre execuções sumárias e desaparecimentos, vide "A Prevenção e Detecção do Crime: Desaparecimentos e Mortes Extra-legais."

Aplicação da Lei no Caso de Grupos Vulneráveis

Mulher
Os Direitos Humanos da Mulher
Alfredsson, Gundmundur, and Katarina Tomasevski, eds. A Thematic Guide to Documents on the Human Rights of Women: Global and Regional Standards Adopted by Intergovernmental Organizations, International Non-Governmental Organizations and Professional Associations. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.
Amnesty International. Women in the Front Line: Human Rights Violations Against Women. New York: Amnesty International, 1991.
Amnesty International. Human Rights are Women's Rights. New York: Amnesty International, 1991.
Bunch, Charlotte, and Carrillo, Roxana. Gender Violence: A Development and Human Rights Issue. Highland Park, N.J., USA: Plowshares Press, 1991.
Burrows, Noreen. "The 1974 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women." Netherlands International Law Review 32 (1985): 419-460.
Burrows, Noreen. "Monitoring Compliance of International Standards Relating to Human Rights: The Experience of the UN Commission on the Status of Women." Netherlands International Law Review 31 (1984): 332-354.
Byrnes, Andrew C. "The Other Human Rights Treaty Body: The Work of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women." Yale Journal of International Law 14 (1989): 1-67.
Center for Women's Global Leadership. Gender Violence and Women's Rights in Africa. New Brunswick, N.J., USA: Center for Women's Global Leadership, 1993.
Cook, Rebecca J, ed. Human Rights of Women: National and International Perspectives. Philadelphia, Penn., USA: University Of Pennsylvania Press, 1994.
International Service for Human Rights. Women's Rights in the UN: A Manual on How the UN Human Rights Mechanism can Protect Women's Rights. New York: Amnesty International, 1995.
Jacobson, Roberta. "The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women." In The United Nations and Human Rights: A Critical Appraisal, edited by Philip Alston, 444-472. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.
Kaufman Hevener, Natalie. International Law and the Status of Women. Boulder, Colo., USA: Westview Press, 1983.
Khushalani, Yougindra. Dignity and Honour of Women as Basic and Fundamental Human Rights. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1982.
Meron, Theodor. "The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women." In Human Rights Law-Making in the United Nations: A Critique of Instruments and Process. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.
Reanda, Laura. "The Commission on the Status of Women." In The United Nations and Human Rights: A Critical Appraisal, edited by Philip Alston, 265-303. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.
Rehof, Lars Adam. Guide to the Travaux Préparatoires of the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1993.
Tomasevski, Katarina. Women and Human Rights. London: Zed Books and Women and World Development Series, 1993.
United Nations. Discrimination Against Women: The Convention and the Committee. Human Rights Fact Sheet No. 22. Geneva: United Nations, 1994.

A Situação da Mulher na Administração de Justiça
Amnesty International. Rape and Sexual Abuse: Torture and Ill-Treatment of Women in Detention. 1991.
Hahn-Rafter, Nicole. "Even in Prison, Women Are Treated as Second Class Citizens." Human Rights 14 (1987): 28-51.
Hammer, Jalna, Jill Radford, and Elizabeth A. Stanko. Women, Policing, and Male Violence: International Perspectives. London: Routledge, 1989.
Heidensohn, Frances. Women in Control? The Role of Women in Law Enforcement. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1992.
Human Rights Watch. Double Jeopardy: Police Abuses of Women in Pakistan. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1992.
Latin American Committee for the Defense of Women's Rights. Women: Watched and Punished: Criminal Law and Women in Latin America and the Caribbean. Lima, Peru: Latin American Committee for the Defense of Women's Rights, 1993.
Sen, Sankar. "Gender Bias in Law Enforcement." The Police Journal 64 (1991): 307-311.
United Nations. Strategies for Confronting Domestic Violence: A Resource Manual. New York: United Nations Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs, 1993.

A Mulher em Situações de Conflito Armado
Allen, Beverly. Rape Warfare: The Hidden Genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1996.
DeBusschere, André G. "The Humane Treatment of Women in Times of Armed Conflict: Equality and the Laws of Humanity." Revue de Droit Pénal Militaire et de Droit de la Guerre 26 (1987): 575-610.
International Human Rights Law Group. "No Justice, No peace: Accountability for Rape and Gender-Based Violence in the Former Yugoslavia." Hastings Women's Law Journal 5 (1994): 89-128.
Krill, Franciose. "The Protection of Women in International Humanitarian Law." International Review of the Red Cross no. 249 (Nov.- Dec. 1985): 337-363.
Niarchus, Catherine N. "Women, War, Rape: Challenges Facing the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia." Human Rights Quarterly 17 (1995): 649-690.
Wilbers, M.T.A. "Sexual Abuse in Times of Armed Conflict." Leiden Journal of International Law 7 (1994): 43-71.

Crianças e Adolescentes
A Situação Especial da Criança na Sociedade
Alston, Philip, Stephen Parker, and John Seymour, eds. Children, Rights, and the Law. 3rd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.
Detrick, Sharon. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: A Guide to the Travaux Préparatoires. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1992.
LeBlanc, Lawrence. The International Convention on the Rights of the Child: United Nations Law-Making on Human Rights. Lincoln, Nebraska: Univ. of Nebraska Press, 1995.
Saulle, Maria Rita, and Flaminia Kojanec. The Rights of the Child: International Instruments. Irvington on Hudson, New York: Transnational Publishers, 1995.
Van Bueren, Geraldine. The International Law on the Rights of the Child, Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.

A Administração da Justiça Juvenil
Amnesty International. Guatemala: Extrajudicial Executions and Human Rights Violations Against Street Children. London: Amnesty International, 1990.
Detrick, Sharon. "Inadequate Legal Representation of Juvenile Offenders in the United States." International Journal of Children's Rights 4 (1996): 311-313.
Helsinki Watch. Children in Northern Ireland: Abused by Security Forces and Paramilitaries. New York: Helsinki Watch - a division of Human Rights Watch, 1992.
Human Rights Watch Children's Rights Project. United States Children in Confinement in Louisiana. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1995.
Human Rights Watch. Final Justice: Police and Death Squad Homicides of Adolescents in Brazil. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1994.
Lawson, Edward. "Juvenile Justice: Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice." In Encyclopedia of Human Rights. 2nd ed. 922-935. Washington D.C.: Taylor and Francis, 1996.
Naffne, Ngaire. "Children in Children's Courts: Can there be Rights without a Remedy? In Children, Rights and the Law, edited by Philip Alston, Stephen Parker, and John Seymour, 76-97. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.
Tomasevski, Katarina, ed. Children in Adult Prisons: An International Perspective. London: F. Pinter, 1986.
United Nations Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs. "Juvenile Justice in International Perspective." International Review of Criminal Policy 3 & 4 (1990): Special Double Issue.
United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities. Application of International Standards Concerning the Human Rights of Detained Juveniles. Report Prepared by the Special Rapporteur, Mrs. Mary Concepcion Bautista, Pursuant to Sub-Commission Resolution 1990/21. United Nations Document E/CN.4/Sub.2/1991/24. Geneva: United Nations, 1991.
Van Bueren, Geraldine. "The Administration of Juvenile Justice and the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency." In The International Law on the Rights of the Child, 169-205. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.
Veerman, Philip, and Adir Waldman. "When Can Children and Adolescents be Detained Separately from Adults? : The Case of Palestinian Children Deprived of Their Liberty in Israeli Military Jails and Prisons." International Journal of Children's Rights 4 (1996): 147-160.
Verhellen, Eugeen, and Geert Cappelaere. "United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency: Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency or Promotion of a Society which respects Children Too?" International Journal of Children's Rights 4 (1996): 57-67.
Viccia, A.D. "The Promotion and Respect of Children's Rights Through the Recognition of an International Notion of Juvenile Justice and Its Child Centered Perspective in the United Nations." Nordic Journal of International Law 58 (1989): 68-93.

A Situação das Crianças em Conflitos Armados
Brett, Rachell. "Child Soldiers: Law, Politics, and Practice." International Journal of Children's Rights 4 (1996): 115-128.
Cohn, Ilene, and Guy S. Goodwin-Gill. Child Soldiers: The Role of Children in Armed Conflicts. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press, 1994.
Dutli, Maria Teresa. "Captured Child Combatants." International Review of the Red Cross, no. 278 (Sept.- Oct. 1990): 421-434.
Dutli, Maria Teresa, and Antoine Bouvier. "Protection of Children in Armed Conflict: The Rules of International Law and the Role of the International Committee of the Red Cross." International Journal of Children's Rights 4 (1996): 181-188.
Krill, Francoise. "The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and His Protection in Armed Conflicts." Mennesker og Rettigheter (Oslo) 4 (1986).
Maher, Colleen C. "The Protection of Children in Armed Conflict: A Human Rights Analysis of the Protection Afforded to Children in Warfare." Boston College Third World Law Journal 9 (1989): 297-322.
Plattner, Denise. "Protection of Children in International Humanitarian Law." International Review of the Red Cross, no. 240 (1984): 140-152.
Ressler, Everett M. Evacuation of Children from Conflict Areas: Considerations and Guidelines. Geneva: UNHCR and UNICEF, 1992.
Ressler, Everett M., Joanne Marie Tortorici, and Alex Marcelino. Children in War: A Guide to the Provision of Services. New York: UNICEF, 1993.
Singer, Sandra. "The Protection of Children During Armed Conflict Situations." International Review of the Red Cross, no. 252 ( May-June1986): 1133-168.
Van Bueren, Geraldine. "The International Protection of Children in Armed Conflicts." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 43 (1994): 809-826.

Vítimas da Criminalidade e Abuso de Poder
Council of Europe Division of Legal Affairs. The Position of the Victim in the Framework of Criminal Law and Procedure. Strasbourg: Council of Europe, 1985.
Diaz, S.M. "Comprehensive Victim Assistance - Indian Situation." Indian Journal of Criminology 15 (1987): 84-88.
Lamborn, LeRoy L. "The United Nations Declaration on Victims, Incorporating Abuse of Power." Rutgers Law Journal 19 (1987): 59-87.
Lawson, Edward. "Victims Rights." In Encyclopedia of Human Rights. 2nd ed. 1561-1568. New York: Taylor and Francis, 1996.
Penders, Lex. Guidelines for Police and Prosecutors: An Interest of Victims; A Matter of Justice. Utrecht, The Netherlands: Landelijk Buro Slachtofferhulp, 1988.
Secretary General of the United Nations. Measures Taken to Implement the Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power. UN Doc. E/AC.57/1988/3. New York: United Nations, 1988.
Stamatopoulou, Elsa. "Violations of Human Rights: United Nations Action from the Victims' Perspective." In International Responses to Traumatic Stress, edited by Yael Danieli, Nigel S. Rodley, and Lars Weisaeth, 101-129. Amityville, New York: Baywood Publishing, 1996.
Vetere, Eduardo, and Irene Melup. "Criminal Activity: Victims of Crime. The Contribution of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Program." In International Responses to Traumatic Stress, edited by Yael Danieli, Nigel S. Rodley, and Lars Weisaeth, 15-18. Amityville, New York: Baywood Publishing, 1996.
United Nations. Record of the Expert Group Meetings on Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power in the International Setting - 26 February 1996. UN Doc. E/CN.15/1996/16/Add.5 Vienna, 1996.
Waller, Irvin. "Crime Victims: Meeting International Standards." In Proceedings of a Seminar on Victims: Evaluating the New Initiatives no. 73, edited by the Institute of Criminology. Sydney, Australia: University of Sydney, 1988.

Refugiados e Deslocados Internos
Direito dos Refugiados
Colombey, Jean-Pierre, ed. Collection of International Instruments and Other Legal Texts Concerning Refugees and Displaced Persons. 2 vols. Geneva: UNHCR, 1995.
Goodwill-Gill, Guy S, ed. "Human Rights and Refugees in Crisis: An Overview and Introduction." International Journal of Refugee Law Special Issue (Sept. 1990).
Goodwill-Gill, Guy S. The Refugee in International Law. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996.
Lawson, Edward. "Refugees." In Encyclopedia of Human Rights. 2nd ed. 1250-1266. New York: Taylor and Francis, 1996.
Ohaegbulom, F.U. "Human Rights and the Refugee Situation." In Human Rights and Third World Development, edited by G.W. Shephard Jr. and V. Nanda, 197-230. Westport, Ct., USA: Greenwood Press, 1985.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. The State of the World's Refugees: In Search of Solutions. New York: UNHCR, 1995.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Refugee Children: Guidelines on Protection and Care. Geneva: UNHCR, 1994.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Refugee Survey Quarterly. Geneva: UNHCR, 1994.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Sexual Violence Against Refugees: Guidelines on Prevention and Response. Geneva: UNHCR, 1995.
United States Committee for Refugees. World Refugee Survey 1996: an Annual Assessment of Conditions Affecting Refugees, Asylum Seekers, and Internally Displaced People. Washington: USCR, 1996.
Weis, Paul. The Refugee Convention, 1951: The Travaux Préparatoires Analysed. Cambridge: University Press, 1995.

Direito dos Direitos Humanos e Deslocados Internos
African Rights. Sudan's Invisible Citizens: The Policy of Abuse Against Displaced People in the North. London: African Rights, 1995.
Cohen, Roberta. Human Rights Protection for Internally Displaced Persons. Washington D.C.: Refugee Policy Group, 1991.
Deng, Francis M. Internally Displaced Persons: An Interim Report to the United Nations Secretary - General on Protection and Assistance. New York: United Nations Dept. for Humanitarian Affairs; Washington D.C.: Refugee Policy Group, 1994.
Frisk, Peter. "Displaced Persons and Human Rights: The Crisis in El Salvador." Third World Quarterly 12 (1990-91): 40-63.
Hey, Hilde. "Human Rights and Guatemalan Displaced Persons." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 10 (1992): 461-480.
Kälin, Walter. "Legal Protection of Internally Displaced Persons: Protection in Human Rights Law." In Internally Displaced Persons: Report of the Symposium, edited by Jean-Philippe Lavoyer, 15-25. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1996.

Direito Internacional Humanitário, Refugiados e Deslocados Internos
Dinstein, Yoram. "Refugees and the Law of Armed Conflict." Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 12 (1982): 94-109.
Lavoyer, Jean-Philippe. "Legal Protection of Internally Displaced Persons: Protection Under International Humanitarian Law." In Internally Displaced Persons: Report of the Symposium. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1996.
Plattner, Denise. "The Protection of Displaced Persons in Non-International Armed Conflicts." International Review of the Red Cross, no. 291 (Nov.-Dec. 1992): 567-580.
Rainer Hofman. "International Humanitarian Law and the Law of Refugees and Internally Placed Persons." In Law in Humanitarian Crises: How Can International Humanitarian Law be Made Effective in Armed Conflicts?. Luxembourg, European Community Office of Publications, 1995.

ACNUR
Clarance, Bill. "UNHCR's Role in Ethnic Conflict." Refugees 93 (Aug. 1993): 10-13.
Cohen, Roberta. Human Rights and Humanitarian Emergencies: New Roles for UN Human Rights Bodies. Washington D.C.: Refugee Policy Group, 1992.
Lawson, Edward. "High Commissioner for Refugees." In Encyclopedia of Human Rights. 2nd ed. 689-692. New York: Taylor and Francis, 1996.
Lawyers Committee for Human Rights. "The UNHCR at 40: Refugee Protection at the Crossroads. New York: Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, 1991.
Maynard, P.D. "The Legal Competence of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 31 (1982): 415-425.

CICV
International Committee of the Red Cross. "The ICRC and Internally Displaced Persons." International Review of the Red Cross, no. 305 (1995): 181-191.
International Committee of the Red Cross and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The Movement, Refugees, and Displaced Persons. Geneva: ICRC, 1993.
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Guide for Planning Operations for Refugees, Displaced Persons, and Returnees: From Emergency Response to Solutions. Geneva: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, 1993.
Lavoyer, Jean-Philippe. "Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons: International Humanitarian Law and the Role of the ICRC." International Review of the Red Cross, no. 305 (1995):162-180.
Miserez, Diana, ed. Refugees - The Traima of Exile: The Humanitarian Role of the Red Cross and Red Crescent. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1988.
Partsch, Karl Josef. "The Protection of Refugees in Armed Conflict and Internal Disturbances by Red Cross Organs." Revue de Droit Pénal Militaire et de Droit de la Guerre 22 (1983): 419-438.

Comando e Gestão

Procedimentos de Supervisão e Revisão
Alderson, John. "Training Techniques." In Human Rights and the Police. 73-92. Strasbourg: Directorate of Human Rights, Council of Europe, 1984.
Abernathy, A.D. "Anger Management Training for Law Enforcement Personnel." Journal of Criminal Justice 22 (1994): 459-466.
Blum, Richard H, ed. Police Selection. Springfield, Ill., USA: Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1964.
Carter, David L., and Thomas Barker. "Administrative Guidance and Control of Police Officer Behaviour: Policies, Procedures, and Rules." In Police Deviance. 13-28. Cincinnati, Ohio, USA: Anderson Publishing, 1991.
Cawthra, Gavin. "The Police in a New South Africa." In Policing South Africa. London: Zed Books, 1993.
Kleinig, John. "Teaching and Learning Police Ethics: Competing and Complementary Approaches." Journal of Criminal Justice 18 (1990): 1-18.
Opolot, James S.E. "Police Training in the New States of Africa." Police Studies 14 (1991): 62-71.
Robinette, H.M. "Police Ethics: Leadership and Ethics Training for Police Administrators." The Police Chief 58 (1991): 42-49.
Scrivner, Ellen M. The Role of Police Psychology in Controlling Excessive Force. Washington D.C.: U.S. Dept of Justice, National Institute of Justice, 1994.
Sen, Sankar. "Police Training: Past, Present, Future." In The Police Journal 68 (1995): 247-252.
Small, Michael W. "Police Professionalism: Problems and Issues in Upgrading an Occupation." The Police Journal 64 (1991): 314-320.
United States Commission on Civil Rights. Who is Guarding the Guardians: A Report on Police Practices. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1981.
United States Department of Justice. Police Training: A Selected Bibliography. Washington D.C.: National Institute of Justice, 1980.
Whisenand, P.M. Police Supervision: Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice-Hall, 1976.
Yuille, John C. Police Selection and Training. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1986.

Investigação de Violações dos Direitos Humanos
Mecanismos Internacionais de Denúncias
Bernhardt, Rudolf, and John Anthony Jolowicz, eds. International Enforcement of Human Rights. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1987.
Bloed, Arie, ed. Monitoring Human Rights in Europe. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1993.
Brar, Parminder. "The Practice and Procedures of the Human Rights Committee Under the Optional Protocol of the Convention on Civil and Political Rights." Indian Journal of International Law 25 (1985): 506-543.
Carver, Richard. "Called to Account: How African Governments Investigate Human Rights Violations." African Affairs 89 (1990): 391-415.
Dimitrijevic, Vojin, "The Monitoring of Human Rights and the Prevention of Human Rights Violations Through Reporting Procedures." In Monitoring Human Rights in Europe, edited by Arie Bloed, 1-24. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1993.
Dormenval, Agnés. "UN Committee Against Torture: Practice and Perspectives." Netherlands Yearbook of Human Rights 8 (1990): 26-44.
Edelenbos, Carla. "Human Rights Violations: A Duty to Prosecute?" Leiden Journal of International Law 7 (1994): 5-21.
Ghandi, P.R. "The Human Rights Committee and the Right of Individual Communication." British Yearbook of International Law 57 (1986): 201-251.
Gomez del Prado, Jose L. "United Nations Conventions on Human Rights: The Practice of the Human Rights Committee and the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination in Dealing with the Reporting Obligations of States Parties." Human Rights Quarterly 7 (1985): 492-513.
Hennium, Hurst. Guide to International Human Rights Practices. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Penn., USA: Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, 1992.
Kamminga, M.T. "The Thematic Procedures of the UN Commission on Human Rights." Netherlands International Law Review 34 (1987): 299-323.
McGoldrick, Dominic. The Human Rights Committee: Its Role in the Development of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.
Medina Quiroga, Cecilia. The Battle of Human Rights: Gross, Systemic Violations and the Inter-American System. Dordrecht; Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1988.
Müllerson, Rein. "The Efficiency of Individual Complaint Procedures: The Experience of the CCPR, CERD, CAT, and ECHR." In Monitoring Human Rights in Europe, edited by Arie Bloed, 25-44. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1993.
Nowak, Manfred. "Country-Oriented Human Rights Protection by the UN Commission on Human Rights and Its Sub-Commission." Netherlands Yearbook of International Law 22 (1991): 39-90.
Ramcharan, B.G. The Concept and Present Status of the International Protection of Human Rights. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1989.
Rodley, Nigel S. "United Nations Action Procedures Against "Disappearances," Summary or Arbitrary Executions, and Torture." Human Rights Quarterly 8 (1986): 700-730.
Roht-Arriaza, Naomi. Impunity and Human Rights in International Law and Practice. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1995.
Schmidt, Markus. "Individual Human Right Complaints Procedures Based upon United Nations Treaties and the Need for Reform." International and Comparative Law Quarterly (1992): 645-659.
Sunga, Lyla S. Individual Responsibility in International Law for Serious Human Rights Violations. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1992.
Tardu, M.E. "International Complaint Procedures for Violations of Human Rights." Indian Journal of International Law 28 (1988): 171-187.
United Nations Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs. Manual on the Effective Prevention and Investigation of Extra-Legal, Arbitrary and Summary Executions. New York: United Nations 1991.
Vrijapur, A.P. "The United Nations Mechanisms and Procedures for the Promotion and Implementation of Human Rights." Indian Journal of International Law 25 (1985): 576-611
Weisbrodt, David. "Country-Related and Thematic Developments at the 1988 Session of the UN Commission on Human Rights." Human Rights Quarterly 10 (1988): 544-558.
Weisbrodt, David. "The Three 'Theme' Special Rapporteurs of the UN Commission on Human Rights." American Journal of International Law 80 (1986): 685-699.

Recursos Nacionais
Burns, Yvonne. "To Police the Police: Some Thoughts on the Appointment of a Police Ombudsman for South Africa." Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa 19 (1986): 167-198.
Carter, David L. "Police Dsiciplinary Proceedures: A Review of Selected Police Departments." In Police Deviance. 351-372. Cincinnati, Ohio, USA: Anderson Publishing, 1991.
Goldsmith, Andrew, ed. Complaints Against the Police: The Trend to External Review. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.
International Association for Civilian Review Systems. Compendium of International Civilian Oversight Agencies. Evanston, Illinois, USA: International Association for Civilian Review Systems, 1990.
Lambert, John L. Police Powers and Accountability. London: Croom Helm, 1986.
New York Civil Liberties Union. Police Abuse: The Need for Civilian Investigation and Oversight. New York: New York Civil Liberties Union, 1990.
Orentlicher, Diane. "Settling Accounts: The Duty to Prosecute Human Rights Violations of a Prior Regime." Yale Law Journal 100 (1991): 2537-2615.
Sparrow, Malcolm K. "Complaints Against the Police and Departmental Management Making the Connection." The Police Chief 59, no. 8 (1992): 65-73.
West, Paul. "Investigation and Review of Complaints Against Police Officers: An Overview of Issues and Philosophies." In Police Deviance, edited by Thomas Barker and David L. Carter, 373-404. Cincinnati, Ohio, USA: Anderson Publishing, 1991.